This guide will walk you through the process of writing a simple Anchor program that increments a counter. You’ll learn how to deploy this program on Solana and interact with it using a React client.

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Software Packages

This program is developed and tested with the following software packages. Other sofware may also be compatible.
SoftwareVersionInstallation Guide
Solana2.1.21Install Solana
Rust1.82.0Install Rust
Anchor0.31.1Install Anchor

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Quick Access to Source Code

If you prefer to dive straight into the code:

Source Code: Anchor Counter Program

Source Code: React Client

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Writing the Anchor Program

Let’s break down the key components of our counter program:

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Core Functionality

The program implements two main instructions:
  1. initialize: Sets the counter to 0
  2. increment: Increments the counter by 1
Here’s the core structure of our program: 
#[ephemeral]
#[program]
pub mod anchor_counter {
    use super::*;

    /// Initialize the counter.
    pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {
        let counter = &mut ctx.accounts.counter;
        counter.count = 0;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Increment the counter.
    pub fn increment(ctx: Context<Increment>) -> Result<()> {
        let counter = &mut ctx.accounts.counter;
        counter.count += 1;
        Ok(())
    }

    // ... Additional instructions will be added here
}
Nothing special here, just a simple Anchor program that increments a counter. The only difference is that we’re adding the delegate macro to inject some useful logic to interact with the delegation program.

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Delegating the Counter PDA

In order to delegate the counter PDA, and make it writable in an Ephemeral Rollup session, we need to add an instruction which internally calls the delegate_account function. delegate_account will CPI to the delegation program, which upon validation will gain ownership of the account. After this step, an ephemeral validator can start processing transactions on the counter PDA and propose state diff trough the delegation program.

Transaction (Base Layer): Delegate

Inspect transactions details on Solana Explorer
 
/// Delegate the account to the delegation program
pub fn delegate(ctx: Context<DelegateInput>) -> Result<()> {
    ctx.accounts.delegate_pda(
        &ctx.accounts.payer,
        &[TEST_PDA_SEED],
        DelegateConfig::default(),
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

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Committing while the PDA is delegated

The ephemeral runtime allow to commit the state of the PDA while it is delegated. This is done by calling the commit_accounts function.

Transaction (ER): Commit

Inspect transaction details on Solana Explorer

Transaction (Base layer): Commit

Inspect transaction details on Solana Explorer
/// Increment the counter and manually commit the account in the Ephemeral Rollup session.
pub fn increment_and_commit(ctx: Context<IncrementAndCommit>) -> Result<()> {
    let counter = &mut ctx.accounts.counter;
    counter.count += 1;
    commit_accounts(
        &ctx.accounts.payer,
        vec![&ctx.accounts.counter.to_account_info()],
        &ctx.accounts.magic_context,
        &ctx.accounts.magic_program,
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

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Undelegating the PDA

Undelegating the PDA is done by calling the commit_and_undelegate_accounts as part of some instruction. Undelegation commit the latest state and give back the ownership of the PDA to the owner program.

Transaction (ER): Undelegate

Inspect transaction details on Solana Explorer

Transaction (Base layer): Undelegate

Inspect transaction details on Solana Explorer
/// Undelegate the account from the delegation program
pub fn undelegate(ctx: Context<IncrementAndCommit>) -> Result<()> {
    commit_and_undelegate_accounts(
        &ctx.accounts.payer,
        vec![&ctx.accounts.counter.to_account_info()],
        &ctx.accounts.magic_context,
        &ctx.accounts.magic_program,
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

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Connecting the React Client

The React client is a simple interface that allows you to interact with the Anchor program. It uses the Anchor bindings to interact with the program and the MagicBlock SDK to interact with the Ephemeral Rollup session.

Source Code: React Client
Iframes only work with some wallets (e.g. Backpack). Alternatively, try the deployed demo here: https://main—ephemeral-counter.netlify.app/

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Ephemeral Endpoint Configuration

To interact with the Ephemeral Rollup session, you need to configure the appropriate endpoint:
  • For devnet, use the following ephemeral endpoint: https://devnet.magicblock.app
  • For mainnet, please reach out to the MagicBlock team to receive the appropriate endpoint.
  • For localhost, download, install, and run the ephemeral validator locally with the appropriate environment variables: 
# 1. Install the Local Validator
npm install -g @magicblock-labs/ephemeral-validator

# 2. Start the Local Validator
ACCOUNTS_REMOTE=https://rpc.magicblock.app/devnet ACCOUNTS_LIFECYCLE=ephemeral ephemeral-validator

# 3. Run the Tests with the Local Validator
PROVIDER_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8899 WS_ENDPOINT=ws://localhost:8900 anchor test --skip-build --skip-deploy --skip-local-validator
Make sure to update your client configuration to use the correct endpoint based on your development or production environment.
These public RPC endpoints are currently free and supported for development:
Magic Router Devnet: https://devnet-rpc.magicblock.app
Solana Devnet: https://api.devnet.solana.com
ER Devnet: https://devnet.magicblock.app

Source Code: Anchor Counter Program

Source Code: React Client