Troubleshooting

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Handler not executing

• Verify discriminator = &EXTERNAL_CALL_HANDLER_DISCRIMINATOR
• Allocate sufficient compute_units

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Deserialization errors

• Use UncheckedAccount for committed accounts in handler context
• Manually deserialize via try_deserialize on borrowed data
• Check account discriminator matches expected type

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Transaction failures

• Ensure all handler accounts are listed in ShortAccountMeta
• Match is_writable flags to actual usage
• Increase compute budget for all handlers in the commit

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Limitations & considerations

• Handlers execute on base layer and consume base-layer fees
• Standard Solana limits apply (compute, account locks)
• Atomicity: any handler failure reverts the commit
• First two handler accounts are injected (escrow, escrow_auth)

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Helpful links